• Happy Birthday, U.S. Army (1775) and Flag (1777)!🪖 🇺🇸

Wildfire Smoke

Mem's take makes sense to me. I know I saw tons of tree tops & wood laying everywhere in the cuts that I drove through up there. I had to wonder if it wouldn't be more efficient to chip the trees onsite & reduce waste but, I suppose, if that worked, it would already be done.

Luckily, there is little clearcutting here (unless some knucklehead is building a solar farm). We typically cut Poplar, Cherry & Maple over 18 inches and Oak, Walnut, etc. over 24. In that manner, the forest can often be profitably harvested every 25-30 years with. enough canopy to prevent drying out the understory.

Wish we could send some of our rain up there. We're still trying to get 1st cutting hay off.

The ridge tops are hazy on the clear days here and I'm just about convinced that it's just clouds when I get just a hint of woodsmoke. Not nearly enough to be an air quality hazard but plenty to make me want to pack for a week in the woods instead of going to work tomorrow.
 
Holy, smoke has been so thick in G Town for the last week, can't even see across the lake. Every summer has these periods up here, we are a tinder box at the moment. Walked a 2 kilometre port yesterday, usually has a huge loon sh1t sucking hole in the middle that swallows shoes, and it was dry as a bone, first time I've ever seen it like that.

As for the logging debate, the forestry companies are just as guilty as politicians for using science mumbo jumbo to justify what ever destructive practice they engage in. The boreal has about a hundred year life span, and fire is a natural part of that cycle. Left to it's own devices, we would have massive fires burning up here on a regular basis, but generally on an 80 to a 100 year cycle. Once a fire has burned through a large area, it should be good for a century. The forestry industry has coerced the government into providing fire suppression, which actually prolongs the problem, and in many cases, results in even larger and more frequent fires in the long run. As well, active suppression of natural re-growth changes the entire nature of the boreal, eliminating all hardwoods and browse in favour of creating a monoculture of spruce and jackpine. After fires, poplar and birch are usually the first trees to regenerate, but in clearcuts, they are quickly killed off by spraying glyphosate over huge tracts, and then replanted with conifers. Thirty years later, the same block can be harvested again, even though the trees are small, what we commonly call peckerwood. It is my opinion that these replanted monoculture blocks are more prone to burning down due to the lack of diversity. The forest companies know this, but their plan is to harvest the blocks before they burn down. However, when the forest industry crashes, usually due to external market fluctuations (tariffs), the blocks don't get harvested, and hence the risk of fire increases.

I have been on the advisory group to the forestry groups around here for about 20 years. The harvesting practices up here have always been clearcutting, where every species in a given area is cut down, but only two species are harvested, leaving great piles of waste. However, it has never been called clearcutting, as that might trigger the larger population of enviro-urbanites down south. Instead, we have had a variety of "scientific" justifications of obliterating huge tracts of trees. Two theories have been used the most, the first being that harvesting practices have to emulate forest fires, hence it is perfectly natural to denude the boreal of many miles of trees within days.

The second theory was a real stretch, called the Caribou Mosaic. The idea was that the huge areas of clear cuts had to be separated by substantial borders of untouched boreal, so that the Woodland Caribou could exist unmolested. The reality of what was going on had nothing to do with the Caribou. Tree harvesting is based on large cut plans that have a lot of scientific data in them. Large areas of the boreal are studied to determine the age and size of the trees. Up here, a tree with a diameter of around five inches is considered big enough to harvest for pulpwood. So the areas of clearcut that were codified as the Caribou Mosaic were actually areas were the trees had reached a harvestable size, and had nothing to do with preserving caribou.

So in my opinion, the science is not settled, but is instead developing as every new justification is put into place to clear cut, with the results really not being known for 50 years or so. Before fire suppression, I believe the boreal was a more stable environment, where very large fires would correct overly mature forests, and then bring about stability for the next century. With the patch work clear cutting going on up here now, the boreal lacks the reliability of the fire cycle, and fire potential is actually increased due to a variety of man made interventions, ranging from replanting practices to fire suppression.
bingo
 
Forest research has been ongoing for over 125 years in the US. Not much is new. If you want to understand forestry, ask a forester, not a natural resource manager, an arborist, a park ranger or a logger.

Forest management is highly location specific. In the West the other differentiator is land ownership. Private timber companies do a much better job of managing forests than the US Forest Service. We have fire adapted species in the West and dry summers so creating fire resilience is a top priority. The USFS has failed in their mission to manage forests for multiple use. Public forests suffer from neglect. They have built up fuels from 120 years of fire suppression. They are overstocked with way too many stems per acre. Too many trees quickly use up the available soil moisture near the end of the growing season. Too many trees makes droughts much worse.

The solution is logging and thinning. Clear cutting is only used on the West Side of the Cascade Range and Alaska. Since the early 1990s, logging on public land slowed to a small percentage of what is sustainable. We have one million acre fires as a result.

The two things that typically stop timber sales on public land are environmental lawsuits and environmental compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). Several bills are before Congress to facilitate logging on public lands.

If you are against logging then get used to wildfire smoke.
 
Ppine, I believe the nature of forestry practices up here is much different than what you are used to. Clearcutting is the standard, it is justified by whatever patchwork quasi-environmental theory the MNR throws out there to keep concerned citizens off base. I certainly don't disagree with anything you have said about fire suppression and excess stems per acre. That's how replants go up here, along with the chemical suppression of alternate species.

However, the nature of logging in the boreal forest in Canada is that it is a Boom-bust cycle, dependent on global market. The last big crash was in 2008, due primarily to softwood lumber disputes between Canada and the US. However, the cycle has been going on since 1982. Throw into that mix the complete replacement of traditional harvesting methods with the new harvesters and processors, that do the work of three machines much faster, and huge areas can be cut and replanted in a summer. What happens when the industry crashes is that the cut plans get backed up, so that when the boom starts again, most companies can't harvest the the amount of wood they have been allocated, so the easiest blocks are chosen first. This often leaves large overseeded areas to continue to grow well past the time when they should have been cut, leading to more forest fires.

Logging is not opposed up here, it is the lifeblood of many communities. However, the communities are dependent on the external whims of politicians. The Kenogami Forest Plan, which I am very familiar with, basically shut down a couple of years ago when the mill in Terrace Bay was closed. An entire community became unemployed.

So it's not as easy as to just say "Git Logging". There has to be markets for the wood. And when overplanting, alternate species and fire suppression are all part of a plan, and then the plan gets tanked, strange and unexpected things can happen, that have not been part of the established "science".
 
There is no doubt that every place has different challenges. I am not familiar with logging in Canada except for BC which is similar to the western US. The United States is the largest importer of wood products in the world which is totally ironic since we invented the National Forest system.

Overplanting is subjective. Most private timber companies quickly figure out the right planting density. We have no alternative species issues. Fire suppression is the elephant in the room. We have lost our wood products infrastructure to a large degree in the US. We have a market but haul costs keep increasing and environmental lawsuits and environmental compliance stop timber sales in their tracks. The political framework and legal system have ruined the timber business in the western US.
 
I remember well the derecho "microburst" of July15, 1995, on a Friday night. It was a 100+ mph straight line wind that blew through the Adirondacks NW to SE. Millions of trees were toppled. Dozens of campers were trapped, some were extracted by chopper. Six people lost their lives. Would have been worse if it was on a Saturday night with more campers in the woods. I was camped out at a park on the edge of a clearing and tree line, waiting to take a wilderness first aid course the next day. at 0600, when it the storm reached me, I never had seen such a sky filled with mammatus clouds and unending horizontal crackling fingers of lightning.

The big debate was if any timber was recoverable. Turns out that most of the likely good timber was broken and twisted and of no value, not worth the effort to get any of the few saleable ones remaining.

Foresters were concerned about future fires from all the down debris. As I recall, the number most concerning for fire was 40 tons/acre. But what was down was calculated at four times that number. In the end the forest for the most part was all left to recover naturally. Bushwhacking off trail became impossible due to leg breaking risk from crisscrossed stacked log and branch debris with no open ground for footing, and later due to extremely dense sapling growth rising up in the new open sunlight and tall slippery ferns covering damp mossy logs.

I do not recall any widespread forest fires as a result. But there was plenty of stove firewood to go around.
 
I remember well the derecho "microburst" of July15, 1995, on a Friday night. It was a 100+ mph straight line wind that blew through the Adirondacks NW to SE. Millions of trees were toppled. Dozens of campers were trapped, some were extracted by chopper. Six people lost their lives. Would have been worse if it was on a Saturday night with more campers in the woods. I was camped out at a park on the edge of a clearing and tree line, waiting to take a wilderness first aid course the next day. at 0600, when it the storm reached me, I never had seen such a sky filled with mammatus clouds and unending horizontal crackling fingers of lightning.

The big debate was if any timber was recoverable. Turns out that most of the likely good timber was broken and twisted and of no value, not worth the effort to get any of the few saleable ones remaining.

Foresters were concerned about future fires from all the down debris. As I recall, the number most concerning for fire was 40 tons/acre. But what was down was calculated at four times that number. In the end the forest for the most part was all left to recover naturally. Bushwhacking off trail became impossible due to leg breaking risk from crisscrossed stacked log and branch debris with no open ground for footing, and later due to extremely dense sapling growth rising up in the new open sunlight and tall slippery ferns covering damp mossy logs.

I do not recall any widespread forest fires as a result. But there was plenty of stove firewood to go around.
I was in the middle of it too. It came through at night. Sounded like a freight train.

The trunks of big pines were snapped off like toothpicks at the 4-6 foot level. Walking on established trails almost impossible. Impressive wind power.
 
Ottertail,
Provide some edification for your curt answer. I have been studying forestry for 50 years.
This topic has been studied extensively and it is not up for debate.
A) Trees actively remove and store carbon from the atmosphere. Wood products are simply changing the form of the already stored carbon.

B) The lifespan of trees exceeds the lifespan of wood products.

C) The production of wood products requires energy. Where does that energy come from? Regardless of the source of energy, there is a carbon cost.
 
July 4, 1999 - the date of a fierce storm that blew through the BWCA causing at least one fatality as I recall and a number of injuries. The first photo (upper left) shows the tree damage at Wilderness Canoe Base at the end of the Gunflint Trail. The other photos show damage within the BWCA, including a typical campsite which was cleared after the storm.

With all the downed timber it was just a matter of time before a fire started. In May 2007 the Ham Lk fire started which burned large areas in the BWCA as well as on the Canadian side of the border.

I was there 2 weeks after the storm with a church youth group and spent 3 days helping to repair camp buildings damaged in the storm. I was back in October 2007 with a friend to help with rebuilding the camp after the image.jpgMay fire which destroyed all but 2 of 30-some buildings at the camp.
 
The two things that typically stop timber sales on public land are environmental lawsuits and environmental compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA).

Two weeks ago, in the case Seven County Infrastructure Coalition v. Eagle County, Colorado, a unanimous Supreme Court of the United States significantly narrowed the circumstances under which NEPA can be used to block projects having environmental impacts.

Without going into the details of the case (unless someone is interested), Justice Kavanaugh's written opinion holds that: "Citizens may not enlist the federal courts, 'under the guise of judicial review' of agency compliance with NEPA, to delay or block agency projects based on the environmental effects of other projects separate from the project at hand."
 
A) Trees actively remove and store carbon from the atmosphere. Wood products are simply changing the form of the already stored carbon.

B) The lifespan of trees exceeds the lifespan of wood products.

C) The production of wood products requires energy. Where does that energy come from? Regardless of the source of energy, there is a carbon cost.
Ottertail,
Wood products store carbon just like timber, and logs. They can store carbon long term as in 100 years or more. We have plenty of original historic houses for instance that are hundreds of years old.

We have old growth trees in National and Provincial Parks and few other places. The rotation age of commercial forests is now averaging about 40-60 years less than life of wood products. We harvest trees in managed forests, store carbon in wood products and start growing more thrifty young trees for the next rotations. Older age class trees say over 200 years reach senescence and have net negative growth.

Wood products require energy. It is how we store carbon. Forest fires release massive amounts of carbon, all of the carbon stored in the life of a growing tree. They create hazardous air quality conditions. Old forests decline faster than they grow. We harvest forests and grow the next rotation because it is the fastest and best way to store carbon in the long term. We create fire resilience with logging.
 
Gamma's central PA looks too familiar now.
On a recent drive down and into a nearby steel city something seemed out of place, but I couldn't quite figure it out at first. Temp inversions and heat island effects usually means the rusty sooty sky stays in place above that city before westerlies sweep it all out across the lake. I'm used to the industrial smell of smog having worked there for a part of my life, but this smelled different. Wasn't until I was driving homeward and upwind that I finally recognized the haze; it was grey and not brown, and smelled like an old campfire. And it followed me home.
It's disturbing not to see the horizon on a sunny day, out in the middle of forest and field, well away from the dirty old town.
 
If you can see 7 miles that is good air quality during fire season in the West. You have a regional air quality problem.
When we have more localized air quality issues from forest fires, the sun looks red. The visibility is 1/4 to 1/2 mile or less. The AQ index stays over 250-300. It can go as high as 500.
 
If you can see 7 miles that is good air quality during fire season in the West. You have a regional air quality problem.
When we have more localized air quality issues from forest fires, the sun looks red. The visibility is 1/4 to 1/2 mile or less. The AQ index stays over 250-300. It can go as high as 500.

And outdoor activity becomes risky to lungs and heart.
 
Back
Top